Alcohol Textbook

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T
HE
A
LCOHOL
4
TH
E
DITION
A reference for the beverage, fuel and industrial alcohol industries
Edited by KA Jacques, TP Lyons and DR Kelsall
T
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A
LCOHOL
T
EXTBOOK
T
EXTBOOK
4
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DITION
Foreword iii
The Alcohol Textbook
4
th
Edition
A reference for the beverage, fuel and industrial alcohol industries
K.A. Jacques, PhD
T.P. Lyons, PhD
D.R. Kelsall
iv
T.P. Lyons
Nottingham University Press
Manor Farm, Main Street, Thrumpton
Nottingham, NG11 0AX, United Kingdom
NOTTINGHAM
Published by Nottingham University Press (2nd Edition) 1995
Third edition published 1999
Fourth edition published 2003
© Alltech Inc 2003
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any material form
(including photocopying or storing in any
medium by electronic means and whether or not
transiently or incidentally to some other use of
this publication) without the written permission
of the copyright holder except in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright
holder’s written permission to reproduce any part
of this publication should be addressed to the publishers.
ISBN 1-897676-13-1
Page layout and design by Nottingham University Press, Nottingham
Printed and bound by Bath Press, Bath, England
Foreword v
Contents
Foreword
ix
T. Pearse Lyons
Presient, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
Ethanol industry today
1
Ethanol around the world: rapid growth in policies, technology and production
1
T. Pearse Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
Raw material handling and processing
2
Grain dry milling and cooking procedures: extracting sugars in preparation for
fermentation
9
Dave R. Kelsall and T. Pearse Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
3
Enzymatic conversion of starch to fermentable sugars
23
Ronan F. Power
North American Biosciences Center, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
4
Grain handling: a critical aspect of distillery operation
33
David J. Radzanowski
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
Substrates for ethanol production
5
Lignocellulosics to ethanol: meeting ethanol demand in the future
41
Charles A. Abbas
Archer Daniels Midland, Decatur, Illinois, USA
6
Ethanol production from cassava
59
Nguyen T.T. Vinh
The Research Institute of Brewing, Hanoi, Vietnam
7
Whey alcohol - a viable outlet for whey?
65
Jack O’Shea
Alltech Inc., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland
8
Treatment and fermentation of molasses when making rum-type spirits
75
Robert Piggot
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
 vi
T.P. Lyons
Yeast and management of fermentation
9
Understanding yeast fundamentals
85
Inge Russell
International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Life Sciences,
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
10 Practical management of yeast: conversion of sugars to ethanol
121
Dave R. Kelsall and T. Pearse Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
1 1 Continuous fermentation in the fuel alcohol industry:
How does the technology affect yeast?
135
W. M. Ingledew
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
1 2 Understanding near infrared spectroscopy and its applications in the distillery
145
Don Livermore
1
, Qian Wang
2
and Richard S. Jackson
2
1
Hiram Walker & Sons Ltd., Walkerville, Ontario, Canada
2
Bruker Optics Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
13 Emerging biorefineries and biotechnological applications of nonconventional
yeast: now and in the future
171
Charles A. Abbas
Archer Daniels Midland, Decatur, Illinois, USA
Beverage alcohol production
1 4 Production of Scotch and Irish whiskies: their history and evolution
193
T. Pearse Lyons
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
15 Tequila production from agave: historical influences and contemporary processes
223
Miguel Cedeño Cruz
Tequila Herradura, S.A. de C.V. Ex-Hda San Jose del Refugio Amatitán, Jalisco, México
1 6 Production of heavy and light rums: fermentation and maturation
247
Robert Piggot
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
1 7 From pot stills to continuous stills: flavor modification by distillation
255
Robert Piggot
Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
1 8 From liqueurs to ‘malternatives’: the art of flavoring and compounding alcohol
265
Andy Head and Becky Timmons
North American Biosciences Center, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA
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