Alfa Laval Pump Handbook

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All you need to know ...
Alfa Laval Pump Handbook
 Inside view
This pump handbook has been produced to support pump users
at all levels, providing an invaluable reference tool. The handbook
includes all the necessary information for the correct selection
and successful application of the Alfa Laval ranges of Centrifugal,
Liquid Ring and Rotary Lobe Pumps. The handbook is divided
into fifteen main sections, which are as follows:
1 Introduction
9
Motors
2 Terminology and Theory
10 Cleaning Guidelines
3 Pump Selection
11 Compliance with International
Standards and Guidelines
4 Pump Description
12 Installation Guide
5 Pump Materials of Construction
13 Troubleshooting
6 Pump Sealing
14 Technical Data
7 Pump Sizing
15 Glossary of Terms
8 Pump Specification Options
Alfa Laval Pump Handbook 1
Contents
Section 1: Introduction
Introduction of the Pump Handbook.
5
Section 5: Pump Materials of Construction
Description of the materials, both metallic and
elastomeric, that are used in the construction of
Alfa Laval pump ranges.
1.1
What is a Pump?
5
61
Section 2: Terminology and Theory
Explanation of the terminology and theory of
pumping applications, including rheology,
flow characteristics, pressure and NPSH.
5.1
Main Components
61
5.2
Steel Surfaces
63
5.3
Elastomers
65
7
2.1
Product/Fluid Data
8
Section 6: Pump Sealing
Explanation of pump sealing principles with illustrations
of the different sealing arrangements used on
Alfa Laval pump ranges. A general seal selection guide is
included, together with various operating parameters.
2.1.1
Rheology
8
2.1.2
Viscosity
8
2.1.3
Density
12
67
2.1.4
Specific Weight
12
2.1.5
Specific Gravity
13
6.1
Mechanical Seals - General
70
2.1.6
Temperature
13
6.2
Mechanical Seal Types
in Alfa Laval Pump Ranges
2.1.7
Flow Characteristics
13
80
2.1.8
Vapour Pressure
17
6.3
Other Sealing Options (Rotary Lobe Pumps only) 82
2.1.9
Fluids Containing Solids
17
2.2
Performance Data
18
Section 7: Pump Sizing
How to size an Alfa Laval pump from product/fluid and
performance data given, supported by relevant calculations
and worked examples with a simple step by step approach.
85
2.2.1
Capacity (Flow Rate)
18
2.2.2
Pressure
18
2.2.3
Cavitation
30
2.2.4
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
31
2.2.5
Pressure ‘Shocks’ (Water Hammer)
35
7.1
General Information Required
85
7.2
Power
86
Section 3: Pump Selection
Overview of the pump ranges currently available from
Alfa Laval and which particular pumps to apply within
various application areas.
7.2.1
Hydraulic Power
86
7.2.2
Required Power
87
7.2.3
Torque
88
39
7.2.4
Efficiency
88
7.3
Centrifugal and Liquid Ring Pumps
92
3.1
General Applications Guide
40
7.3.1
Flow Curve
92
3.2
Pumps for Sanitary Applications
41
7.3.2
Flow Control
96
3.3
PumpCAS Selection and Configuration Tool
43
7.3.3
Alternative Pump Installations
100
7.4
Worked Examples
of Centrifugal Pump Sizing (Metric Units)
Section 4: Pump Description
Description of Alfa Laval pump ranges including design,
principle of operation and pump model types.
102
7.4.1
Example 1
102
45
7.4.2
Example 2
106
7.5
Worked Examples
of Centrifugal Pump Sizing (US Units)
4.1
Centrifugal Pumps
45
109
4.1.1
General
45
7.5.1
Example 1
109
4.1.2
Principle of Operation
46
7.5.2
Example 2
113
4.1.3
Design
46
7.6
Rotary Lobe Pumps
116
4.1.4
Pump Range
48
7.6.1
Slip
116
4.2
Liquid Ring Pumps
52
7.6.2
Initial Suction Line Sizing
118
4.2.1
General
52
7.6.3
Performance Curve
119
4.2.2
Principle of Operation
52
7.6.4
Pumps fitted with Bi-lobe Rotors
(Stainless Steel)
4.2.3
Design
53
124
4.2.4
Pump Range
55
7.6.5
Pumps fitted with Bi-lobe Rotors
(Non Galling Alloy)
4.3
Rotary Lobe Pumps
56
125
4.3.1
General
56
7.6.6
Pumps fitted with Tri-lobe Rubber Covered Rotors 125
4.3.2
Principle of Operation
56
7.6.7
Pumps with Electropolished Surface Finish
126
4.3.3
Pump Range
57
7.6.8
Guidelines for Solids Handling
127
7.6.9
Guidelines for Pumping Shear Sensitive Media 128
7.7
Worked Examples of
Rotary Lobe Pump Sizing (Metric Units)
129
7.8
Worked Examples of
Rotary Lobe Pump Sizing (US Units)
143
Alfa Laval Pump Handbook 2
Section 8: Pump Specifications Options
Description of the various specification options available
for the Alfa Laval pump ranges, such as port connections,
heating/cooling jackets, pressure relief valves and other
ancillaries.
12.2
Flow Direction
201
12.2.1 Centrifugal Pumps
201
12.2.2 Rotary Lobe Pumps
202
12.3
Baseplates Foundation (Rotary Lobe Pumps only) 203
157
12.4
Coupling Alignment (Rotary Lobe Pumps only)
204
12.5
Special Considerations for Liquid Ring Pumps
204
8.1
Centrifugal and Liquid Ring Pumps
157
12.5.1 Pipework
204
8.1.1
Port Connections
157
8.1.2
Heating/Cooling Jackets
158
Section 13: Troubleshooting
Advises possible causes and solutions to most common
problems found in pump installation and operation.
8.1.3
Pump Casing with Drain
159
8.1.4
Increased Impeller Gap
159
205
8.1.5
Pump Inlet Inducer
159
8.2
Rotary Lobe Pumps
160
13.1
General
205
8.2.1
Rotor Form
160
13.2
Common Problems
206
8.2.2
Clearances
162
13.2.1 Loss of Flow
206
8.2.3
Port Connections
164
13.2.2 Loss of Suction
206
8.2.4
Rectangular Inlets
165
13.2.3 Low Discharge Pressure
207
8.2.5
Heating/Cooling Jackets and Saddles
166
13.2.4 Excessive Noise or Vibration
207
8.2.6
Pump Overload Protection
167
13.2.5 Excessive Power
208
8.2.7
Ancillaries
169
13.2.6 Rapid Pump Wear
208
13.2.7 Seal Leakage
208
Section 9: Motors
Description of electric motors, including information on motor
protection, methods of starting, motors for hazardous
environments and speed control.
13.3
Problem Solving Table
209
173
Section 14: Technical Data
Summary of the nomenclature and formulas used in this
handbook. Various conversion tables and charts are also
shown.
9.1
Output Power
175
213
9.2
Rated Speed
175
9.3
Voltage
176
14.1
Nomenclature
213
9.4
Cooling
176
14.2
Formulas
214
9.5
Insulation and Thermal Rating
176
14.3
Conversion Tables
219
9.6
Protection
177
14.3.1 Length
219
9.7
Methods of Starting
179
14.3.2 Volume
219
9.8
Motors for Hazardous Environments
180
14.3.3 Volumetric Capacity
219
9.9
Energy Efficient Motors
182
14.3.4 Mass Capacity
220
9.10
Speed Control
184
14.3.5 Pressure/Head
220
9.11
Changing Motor Nameplates
- Centrifugal and Liquid Ring Pumps only
14.3.6 Force
220
186
14.3.7 Torque
220
14.3.8 Power
221
Section 10: Cleaning Guidelines
Advises cleaning guidelines for use in processes utilising
CIP (Clean In Place) systems. Interpretations of
cleanliness are given and explanations of the cleaning
cycle.
14.3.9 Density
221
14.3.10 Viscosity Conversion Table
222
14.3.11 Temperature Conversion Table
224
14.4
Water Vapour Pressure Table
225
189
14.5
Pressure Drop Curve for 100 m ISO/DIN Tube
226
14.6
Velocity (m/s) in ISO and DIN Tubes
at various Capacities
Section 11: Compliance with International
Standards and Guidelines
Description of the international standards and guidelines
applicable to Alfa Laval pump ranges.
227
14.7
Equivalent Tube Length Table
228
14.7.1 ISO Tube Metric
228
193
14.7.2 ISO Tube Feet
230
14.7.3 DIN Tube Metric
232
Section 12: Installation Guide
Advises guidelines relating to pump installation,
system design and pipework layout.
14.7.4 DIN Tube Feet
234
14.8
Moody Diagram
236
199
14.9
Initial Suction Line Sizing
237
14.10 Elastomer Compatibility Guide
238
12.1
General
199
14.11 Changing Motor Name Plates
243
12.1.1 System Design
199
12.1.2 Pipework
200
Section 15: Glossary of Terms
Explains the various terms found in this handbook.
12.1.3 Weight
200
249
12.1.4 Electrical Supply
200
Alfa Laval Pump Handbook 3
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